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Stock photography is the supply of photographs, which are often licensed for specific uses. It is used to fulfill the needs of creative assignments instead of hiring a photographer, often for a lower cost. Today, stock images can be presented in searchable online databases. They can be purchased and delivered online. Often, these photographs involve people, and are produced in studios using a wide variety of models posing as professionals, stereotypes, expressing common emotions and gesticulations, or involving pets. Other common stock photography niches include images related to travel and tourism, as well as conceptual photography. ==Description== The stock photography industry was initially made up of several traditional agencies such as Getty Images and Corbis which have broad photo libraries that are supplied by primarily professional photographers. There are also many alternative photo agencies which specialize in certain fields of stock photography, such as food, people, and animals. In competition to traditional agencies, microstock photography is a relatively new model of stock photography which is available through agencies that sell images for lower prices but in greater volume. There are three different models of stock photography: # Macrostock: High-priced and exclusive stock photography, also known as traditional stock photography # Midstock: Stock photography priced between micro stock and macro stock # Microstock: Low-priced and inclusive stock photography Images are filed at an agency that negotiates licensing fees on the photographer's behalf in exchange for a percentage, or in some cases owns the images outright. Pricing is determined by size of audience or readership, how long the image is to be used, country or region where the images will be used and whether royalties are due to the image creator or owner. Often, an image can be licensed for less than $200, or in the case of the microstock photography websites as little as $1 for a low-resolution license. With Rights Managed stock photography an individual licensing agreement is negotiated for each use. Royalty-free stock photography offers a photo buyer the ability to use an image in an unlimited number of ways for a single license fee. The client may, however, request "exclusive" rights, preventing other customers from using the same image for a specified length of time or in the same industry. Such sales can command many thousands of dollars, both because they tend to be high-exposure and because the agency is gambling that the image would not have made more money had it remained in circulation. However, with royalty free licensing there is no option for getting exclusive usage rights. Some stock photography sites offer low-resolution photography free for the purpose of preparing advertising comps to demonstrate a design. If the advertiser decides to use the image, the rights to use the high-resolution image then can be negotiated or purchased directly from the website. Most comps are watermarked with the name of the photo agency in question (usually either across the image, covering the image in a grid, or in the top left or bottom right of the image). The point is that the watermark cannot be removed with traditional photo-editing programs and removing it would cost more than buying the image. However, the photo agency Thinkstock uses 'image packs' - groups of high-resolution, watermarkfree, low-priced (all the images - an unlimited number - cost as much as one image conventionally costs) images chosen by one user for use by them. As Thinkstock mostly consists of images from Getty Images, iStock, Comstock, PhotoDisc, Photos.com and other Thinkstock sister agencies, these images are easily available for image packs. Professional stock photographers place their images with one or more stock agencies on a contractual basis, with a defined commission basis and for a specified contract term. Some photographers fund their own photo shoots, or develop imagery in cooperation with an agency, while others submit photographs originally produced as part of editorial (magazine) or commercial assignments. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「stock photography」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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